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Wrist extension
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Wrist extension - August 19, 2005 6:24:00 AM
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PTupdate.com
Posts: 1436
Joined: October 8, 2001
From: Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Nicole and others: I am looking for articles regarding the long term issues regarding excessive wrist extension (such as leaning on hands all day or doing things in "push up" positions)....carpal instability, degenerative changes, carpal tunnel issues, etc. Basically anything that sites studies and research (with good methodology) implicating the long term effects.
John Duffy, PT OCS
[URL=http://www.PTupdate.com]www.PTupdate.com[/URL]
_____________________________
John M. Duffy, PT
Board Certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialist
www.PTupdate.com
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Re: Wrist extension - August 20, 2005 10:23:00 AM
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Nicole Matoushek PT MPH CSHE CEES
Posts: 714
Joined: January 15, 2005
From: St. Petersburg, FL
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Fun stuff! Here a few:
1) Wrist posture during computer pointing device use
Burgess-Limerick R, Shemmell J, Scadden R, Plooy A
CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS
14 (4): 280-286 MAY 1999 Abstract:
Objective: This research examines individual differences in the wrist postures adopted during the use of two pointing devices (mouse and trackball).
Design: A multiple case study of twelve participants was employed. Background: The use of pointing devices may lead to musculoskeletal discomfort and injury as a consequence of prolonged exposure to postures involving wrist extension and ulnar deviation.
Methods: Wrist flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation was measured while twelve participants completed two standardised tasks involving horizontal and vertical cursor movements respectively.
Results: Exposure to extreme ulnar deviation and wrist extension was observed in the use of computer mouse and trackball. The trackball involved decreased ulnar deviation and increased wrist extension, however considerable individual differences were observed.
Conclusions: Some users may be placed at risk of injury by prolonged exposure to the use of such devices, while others may not. A trackball may reduce the exposure to extreme ulnar deviation, but in some cases, a trackball may increase exposure to extreme wrist extension.
2)http://www.jeffreyburch.com/home/jb1/page/110/45
Article on CTS and wrist extension.
3) AIHA Journal
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Issue: Volume 61, Number 2 / March-April 2000
Pages: 231 - 243
URL: Linking Options
Workplace Risk Factors and Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders, Part 2: A Review of Biomechanical and Psychophysical Research on Risk Factors Associated with Upper Extremity Disorders
W. Monroe Keyserling A1
A1 Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, Center for Ergonomics, The University of Michigan, 1205 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2117
Abstract:
Injuries and disorders caused by overexertion and repetitive motion are the leading causes of compensable lost-time cases in the United States. Epidemiological and laboratory-based research methods have been used to evaluate the significance of various risk factors associated with overuse injuries and disorders. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health performed a comprehensive review of over 600 epidemiological studies in 1997 and concluded that there was evidence of a causal relationship between workplace exposures to forceful exertions, repetition, awkward posture, and vibration and disorders of the neck, shoulder, and upper extremities. Although epidemiological studies provide important insights to understanding the causes of work-related overuse disorders, they are sometimes criticized for their inability to measure precisely how people respond to specific risk factors found in the workplace. This article presents a review of recent laboratory studies and biomechanical models of work factors believed to be associated with increased risk of upper extremity injuries and disorders. Biomechanical models and laboratory studies do not replace epidemiological studies. However, these approaches provide important complementary information that is needed to understand the complex process of how exposures to physical risk factors result in strain that may ultimately lead to injury or disease. These studies also provide important insights as to how people react and respond to specific physical risk factors found in the workplace. Combined with epidemiological research, laboratory studies are an essential element in understanding the causes and prevention of work-related overexertion injuries.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Keywords:
Biomechanics, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Ergonomics, Hand Tools, Keyboards, Psychophysics, Upper Extremity Overuse Disorders
4) Effects of forearm pronation/supination on carpal tunnel pressure.
Rempel D, Bach JM, Gordon L, So Y.
Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, Richmond 94804, USA.
The effects of forearm rotation and metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion on carpal tunnel pressure were investigated in 17 healthy adults who had no evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Pressure was continuously recorded with a saline-filled catheter inserted into the carpal tunnel and connected to a pressure transducer while test subjects slowly rotated the forearm from full pronation to full supination. Forearm rotation was repeated with MP flexion of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. Both forearm rotation and MP flexion, and their interaction term, significantly affected carpal tunnel pressure and accounted for most of the variability in the data. Highest mean pressures (55 mmHg) were recorded in full supination and 90 degrees MP flexion and lowest pressures (12 mmHg) were recorded at 45 degrees pronation and 45 degrees MP flexion. These data may be useful in the design of tasks and hand tools in the management and prevention of CTS.
5) The Effects of Dynamic Wrist Workloads on Risks of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Jang, Hyunkook: Industrial Engineering 2002-07-12
[URL=http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:_S5690fla2IJ:etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-200/Thesis_Jang.pdf+Stress+effects+of+prolonged+wrist+extension]http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:_S5690fla2IJ:etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-200/Thesis_Jang.pdf+Stress+effects+of+prolonged+wrist+ext ension[/URL]
6) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/carpal.html
7) CTS: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ctsfs.html
8) CTS: http://www.tifaq.org/articles/carpal_tunnel_syndrome-sep98-well-connected.html
9) CTS: http://www.4woman.gov/faq/carpal.htm
10: A list of valuable ergonomic references: http://www.me.berkeley.edu/ergo/research/publications_old.html
11) A list of clinical references: http://www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhsb/accepted.cfm
I'll check for some more!
Nicole Matoushek MPH, PT, CEES, CSHE
[URL=http://www.ergorehabinc.com]www.ergorehabinc.com[/URL]
_____________________________
Nicole Matoushek, PT, MPH, CSHE, CEES
http://www.ErgoRehabinc.com
http://www.ErgoRehabBlog.com
http://www.ComputerAccessoriesOnlineStore.com
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Re: Wrist extension - August 20, 2005 5:30:00 PM
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PTupdate.com
Posts: 1436
Joined: October 8, 2001
From: Pittsburgh, PA USA
Status: offline
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Thanks Nicole...looking forward to reading these.
_____________________________
John M. Duffy, PT
Board Certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialist
www.PTupdate.com
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